Understanding Hair Loss in Men

What causes hair loss in men?

It is most likely caused by a combination of three factors, says Dr Jean-Claude Poewe who works as an anaesthetist at a hair restoration clinic in Cape Town. He says these factors are genetics, age and hormones. “Androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness) is the leading cause. This condition is largely hereditary and is influenced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that gradually shrinks hair follicles, resulting in thinner hair and eventually hair loss,” says Dr Poewe.

These, he adds, are also contributing factors:

- Stress: Chronic stress can trigger telogen effluvium, where hair prematurely enters the shedding phase.
- Nutritional deficiencies: Low levels of iron, protein and essential vitamins (such as D and B12) can compromise hair growth.
- Health conditions: Thyroid disorders, autoimmune conditions and scalp infections can cause or exacerbate hair loss.
- Lifestyle habits: Smoking and inadequate sleep have also been associated with accelerated hair loss.

What are the symptoms of hair loss in men?

“Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss in men,” says Dr Poewe, adding that signs include a receding hairline and thinning crown, though this may take take place gradually. There may be other signs to watch out for, particularly if you have a family history of hair loss. 

“Other symptoms may include increased hair shedding or more noticeable hair in the shower or on your pillow. Hair loss is often first observed within a few months, although the rate and pattern vary,” Dr Poewe says.

If you do start to notice that your healthy head of hair is slowly losing its weight, know that hair loss is very common in men of all ages, and that there are ways to handle it. “About 50% of men experience noticeable thinning by the age of 50. Androgenetic alopecia can begin in the late teens or early twenties, though it typically becomes more pronounced in the 30s and 40s,” says Dr Poewe.

Can hair loss be prevented?

Dr Poewe says that, although complete intervention might not be possible for genetically predisposed individuals, there are steps one could take to slow the process down. For those who have a family history of hair loss, early intervention is important – a dermatologist or expert in hair restoration would be able to advise on the best course of action to delay the progression.

Men can also focus on making healthier lifestyle choices, like ensuring their diet is rich in essential vitamins and minerals that promote hair health, and by managing their stress levels by exercising regularly, practising mindfulness and getting enough sleep.

It’s also worth taking a closer look at the products you use on your scalp and hair. Dr Poewe advises that men avoid harsh chemicals, excessive heat and tight hairstyles like a ponytail to reduce the strain on their hair follicles.

What if nothing seems to help?

If, despite your best efforts at living healthily and caring for your scalp and hair, you still struggle with hair loss, there are professional treatments available for you to consider. Consult a dermatologist or a hair restoration clinic about these treatment options, says Dr Poewe: 

- Medications: Topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are widely accessible and effective for many men.
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy: A non-surgical procedure that involves injecting concentrated platelets from the patient’s own blood into the scalp to stimulate growth. PRP is a popular treatment, particularly for early-stage hair loss.
- Hair transplant surgery: For those seeking a permanent solution, hair transplants like follicular unit extraction (FUE) provide natural results. This surgical option is ideal for men with more advanced hair loss.
- Low-level laser therapy (LLLT): This involves the use of laser devices like caps or combs that emit low-level light to stimulate hair follicles. This option requires consistent use for best results.

*Dr Jean-Claude Poewe works as an anaesthetist at The Hairfront in Cape Town.

IMAGE CREDIT: 123rf.com